Electrolysis Practice Exam

What does boiling water sterilization effectively eliminate?

1. Viruses

2. Fungi

3. Bacteria

4. All of the above

The correct answer is: All of the above

Boiling water sterilization is a well-established method for eliminating a wide range of pathogens. This process involves heating water to its boiling point, which is typically 100°C (212°F) at sea level. At this temperature, most microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, and fungi, are effectively killed within a short period. The effectiveness of boiling water sterilization is particularly notable against bacteria, which are among the most heat-sensitive organisms. Most bacteria are destroyed within one minute of boiling. Furthermore, many viruses, which often lack the protective structures that some bacteria possess, are also rendered inactive at boiling temperatures. Similarly, fungi, including molds and yeast, are susceptible to the high temperatures involved in boiling water. Due to this broad-spectrum efficacy, boiling water sterilization can be relied upon for ensuring the safety of water by eliminating various types of pathogens, making it a satisfactory choice for purifying water and preventing waterborne diseases. Therefore, the correct answer reflects the comprehensive ability of boiling to eliminate not just one, but all categories of microorganisms mentioned.